The Roland Park Company of Baltimore City was incorporated in 1891 as the result of the purchase of a one-hundred acre tract of property near Lake Roland in Baltimore, Maryland. The property was purchased by the investment firm Jarvis and Conklin on behalf of British investors, and the company was founded to develop this venture, with Edward H. Bouton of Kansas City installed as general manager. Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. was subsequently hired to design the subdivision thereafter known as Roland Park. Construction of homes began in 1892. In 1903 the British financiers sold the company to Bouton and a local group of investors.

In 1911 the company merged with the Guilford Park Company of Baltimore, acquired its land, and truncated the new entity as the Roland Park Company. The company retained the Olmsted Brothers firm to lay out the new subdivision of Guilford, which was formally opened in 1913 and later declared finished in 1925.

In 1924 the Roland Park Company acquired the tract of land known as Homeland, and began development soon after. They acquired another 520 acres in 1930 for a subdivision known as Northwood. After the acquisition of Northwood, the Roland Park Company branched out into commercial development and built the Northwood Shopping Center (later Northwood Plaza Shopping Center) on land bordering the new subdivision. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s the Roland Park Company acquired multiple subsidiary companies and managed other local real estate development projects through them.

In 1952, the Roland Park Realty Company acquired the brokerage and management business of the company. Seven years later, on December 31, 1959, the Roland Park Company liquidated. The second company president, John McConkey Mowbray, managed the liquidation of assets into the 1960s.